Arizona Cactus Garden

China National Botanical Garden

Dounan Flower Market

Estufa Fria

Cactus Garden Inside A Chocolate Factory: Ethel M Botanical Cactus Garden (Henderson, Nevada)

Huntington Desert Garden

Jardin des Plantes

Springs Preserve

Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden

Volunteer Park Conservatory

Hello, and welcome to PlantSucculents.com 🌱! I'm Grace.
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Affiliate Disclosure

In September 2024, I took my parents on a trip to Kunming, the capital city of Yunnan Province, China. As part of our trip, we visited the Dounan Flower Market (斗南花卉市场), the largest flower market in Asia! An interesting fact about Yunnan is that its climate is perfect for cultivation, making Kunming home to the largest flower and succulent market in the world!

The market occupies a gigantic warehouse. The first floor featured an impressive array of flowers, including roses, orchids, and bonsai. I was amazed. However, when we reached the second floor, my jaw literally dropped.

Having visited succulent markets around the world, I can say that Dounan is on a whole different level. It dwarfs any other place I’ve been to, both in terms of size and variety. The sheer scale, number of merchants, and range of succulents were truly astounding. Even more incredible was the price—sometimes as low as 10 RMB (1.5 USD) for six pots of succulents!

Below are some photos I took at Dounan. Enjoy!

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 1](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-1.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 2](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-2.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 3](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-3.jpg)
*The sign says, "10 RMB (1.5 USD) for six pots of succulents"*

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 4](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-4.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 5](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-5.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 6](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-6.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 7](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-7.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 9](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-9.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 10](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-10.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 11](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-11.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 12](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-12.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 13](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-13.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 14](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-14.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 15](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-15.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 16](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-16.jpg)

![Succulents at Dounan Flower Market 17](/assets/blog/dounan-biggest-succulent-market/photo-17.jpg)


Dounan Flower Market: Biggest Succulent Market in the World


![Epiphyllum Oxypetalum (Queen of the Night)](/assets/blog/epiphyllum-oxypetalum/tan-hua.jpeg)

Epiphyllum oxypetalum, also known as Dutchman's pipe cactus, Princess of the Night, or Queen of the Night, is a cactus species native to Mexico and Nicaragua. It is a tropical epiphyte to lithophyte, meaning it grows on the surface of other plants and derives nutrients from rain, air, and debris. This cactus blooms nocturnally, with flowers that wilt before dawn, and is the most cultivated species in its genus.

## Quick Facts

- **Native Habitat**: Mexico, Nicaragua
- **Family**: Cactaceae
- **Water**: Soak the soil completely when watering and water frequently, letting the top of the soil dry out between watering.
- **Sunlight**: Partial shade or bright, indirect light
- **Soil**: Well-draining, average succulent/cactus soil mix

## Contents

## Why it is called Epiphyllum oxypetalum?

The name "Epiphyllum oxypetalum" comes from Greek and Latin roots. "Epiphyllum" is derived from the Greek words "epi-" meaning "upon" and "phullon" meaning "leaf," referring to the plant's habit of growing on other plants. "Oxypetalum" is from the Greek "oxy-" meaning "sharp" or "acute" and "petalum" meaning "petal," referring to the shape of its petals.

The Chinese name for the plant is 昙花 (tan hua). It is sometimes referred to by this name, particularly as mentioned in the popular movie based on the book *Crazy Rich Asians*. 


![Epiphyllum oxypetalum is featured in a scene from the movie Crazy Rich Asians.](/assets/blog/epiphyllum-oxypetalum/crazy-rich-asians-flower.jpg)
*Epiphyllum oxypetalum is featured in a scene from the movie Crazy Rich Asians.*

![Epiphyllum oxypetalum is featured in a scene from the movie Crazy Rich Asians.](/assets/blog/epiphyllum-oxypetalum/movie-flower.jpg)
*Epiphyllum oxypetalum is featured in a scene from the movie Crazy Rich Asians.*

In Chinese, there is a phrase called 昙花一现 (tán huā yī xiàn), meaning "a fleeting glimpse of a flower" or "something that is beautiful but short-lived." This phrase is often used to describe something that appears briefly and then disappears, much like the night-blooming flowers of the Queen of the Night cactus.

## The Appearance of Epiphyllum oxypetalum

### Leaves

![Leaves of Epiphyllum Oxypetalum](/assets/blog/epiphyllum-oxypetalum/flowers-and-leaves.jpg)

There are no true leaves, but flattened stems that can be easily rooted.

### Flowers

The Queen of the Night is a night-blooming cactus that blooms once per year, reaching full bloom around midnight and typically lasting only that one night. The flowers are white, huge, showy, and fragrant. If pollinated, the flowers are followed by 5-inch long, oblong, purple/red fruits. A mature plant can produce flowers from spring through mid-summer.

This behavior is an example of a [**pollination syndrome**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollination_syndrome).

A **pollination syndrome** occurs when a plant co-evolves with its primary pollinators in a way that increases the likelihood of successful pollination. The Queen of the Night’s main pollinators are bats, which explains why it blooms at night when its pollinators are active. The large, white, disc-shaped flowers are more attractive to bats. Interestingly, multiple plants bloom on the same night each year, though it is not known how this synchronization occurs.

The flowers grow on flattened stems and are up to 30 cm (12 in) long and 17 cm (7 in) wide.

## How to Care for Epiphyllum oxypetalum

### Light

Give this plant partial shade or bright, indirect light.

### Watering

Soak the soil completely when watering and water frequently, letting the top of the soil dry out between watering. Cut down on watering during the winter to 1-2 times per month.

### Soil

Provide a well-draining, average succulent/cactus soil mix.

### Temperature

Bring inside when temperatures cool to the mid-30s. It can be grown as an outdoor tropical plant in zones 10 and 11. In cooler zones, it can be placed outdoors during the summer months, then brought in as the temperatures drop.

### Humidity

Ensure moderate humidity levels typical of rainforest settings.

### Fertilizing

Feed with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer during the growing season.

### Pruning

Trim the long stems back if the plant becomes top-heavy, ensuring stability in its container.

### Repotting

Repot into a larger or heavier container as needed to maintain stability.

### Dormancy

Reduce watering in winter to 1-2 times per month.

### Pests and Diseases

Watch for common pests like mealybugs and aphids. Treat as necessary with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

## Is Epiphyllum oxypetalum Toxic to Pets?

Epiphyllum oxypetalum is generally considered non-toxic to pets.

## How to Propagate Epiphyllum oxypetalum

Propagate by taking stem cuttings, allowing them to dry for a day or two, then planting in a well-draining soil mix.

## Where Can I Buy Epiphyllum oxypetalum?

Epiphyllum oxypetalum can be purchased from various online plant retailers, specialty cactus and succulent nurseries, and sometimes at local garden centers.

## FAQ

### How often does Epiphyllum oxypetalum bloom?

**A:** It typically blooms from spring through mid-summer, with flowers opening only once, at night, and lasting only that one night.

### Can Epiphyllum oxypetalum be grown indoors?

**A:** Yes, it can be grown indoors in a bright, indirect light setting.

### Is Epiphyllum oxypetalum edible?
**A:** Epiphyllum oxypetalum is edible and has medicinal uses. In various Asian cultures, including India, Vietnam, and Malaysia, it is used to treat respiratory issues, bleeding conditions, and is believed to help reduce pain and inflammation.

## References

* [North Carolina State University - Epiphyllum oxypetalum](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/epiphyllum-oxypetalum/)
* [RWW Greenhouse - The Queen of the Night](https://rwwgreenhouse.voices.wooster.edu/the-queen-of-the-night/)
* [Wikipedia - Epiphyllum oxypetalum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphyllum_oxypetalum)


Epiphyllum Oxypetalum (Queen of the Night)


## Quick Facts
* **Location**: The room of Estufa Doce of Estufa Fria, inside Parque Eduardo VII, Lisbon, Portugal
* **Hours**: 10:00 AM - 5:00 PM (Winter), 10:00 AM - 7:00 PM (Summer)
* **Cost**: Approximately 3 Euros
* **Kid Friendly**: Yes
* **Dog Allowed**: No
* **Accessibility**: Yes

## Contents

## About Estufa Fria and Estufa Doce

Estufa Fria is a beautiful greenhouse complex located in Parque Eduardo VII in Lisbon, Portugal. It consists of three different environments: 

* Cold Greenhouse (Estufa Fria)
* Hot Greenhouse (Estufa Quente)
* Sweet Greenhouse (*Estufa Doce*)

Estufa Quente and Estufa Doce bring more exotic plants to Lisbon (mangifera, cacti, aloe), whereas the main garden focuses on camellia and azalea species. The three gardens cover a surface area of 3.7 acres! Each showcases a variety of plants from different climates. 

Out of the three sections, Estufa Doce can be seen as the smallest. It transposes you to a desert filled with all types of tall cacti and aloe plants. The trek is short, but it does really make you feel small and lost through some desert riddled with nature.

Note, when you are on the ground floor of the greenhouse, it may be hard to find the entrance to Estufa Doce. There is a ramp on the wall leading to Estufa Doce, which is located on a higher level of the greenhouse.


## Visiting Estufa Fria in 2024

I visited Estufa Fria in July 2024 while visiting Lisbon. Parque Eduardo VII is a quiet and spacious park without much tourism, and Estufa Fria is at a corner of Parque Eduardo VII.

![Crinum Moorei](/assets/blog/estufa-fria-lisbon/crinum-moorei.jpg)
*Crinum Moorei, aka Natal Lily, I discovered in Estufa Fria. They are so beautiful*

As I enjoy many kinds of plants, succulents have always been the ones I wanted to see the most. The common succulents like aloes and cacti are arranged in captivating ways, such as being displayed on the wall.

![Estufa Fria](/assets/blog/estufa-fria-lisbon/main-view.jpg)

To my disappointment, there were no Living Stones in this greenhouse, like Lithops or Conophytum.

![Aloe](/assets/blog/estufa-fria-lisbon/aloe.jpg)
*Aloe*

![Crown of Thorns](/assets/blog/estufa-fria-lisbon/crown-of-thorns.jpg)
*Crown of Thorns (Euphorbia milii)*

![Pachypodium](/assets/blog/estufa-fria-lisbon/pachypodium.jpg)
*Pachypodium*

![Crown of Thorns](/assets/blog/estufa-fria-lisbon/crown-of-thorns-2.jpg)
*Crown of Thorns*

![Cereus](/assets/blog/estufa-fria-lisbon/cereus.jpg)
*Cereus*

## Conclusion

Estufa Fria is a pretty cool place to visit. The atmosphere is great for dating, meeting friends, and taking photos. Although Estufa Doce has lots of succulents, the lack of the rosette-type succulents (such as Echeveria) and living stones (such as Lithops) may disappoint succulent enthusiasts.

Greenhouse at Estufa Fria (Lisbon, Portugal)


## Quick Facts
* **Location**: 北京市海淀区香山南辛村20号（南园）
* **Hours**:6:00 AM - 9:00 PM
* **Cost**: 10 RMB for visting both north and south parks of the China National Botanical Garden. The succulent greenhouse is inside the south park of the garden.
* **Kid Friendly**: Yes
* **Dog Allowed**: Not sure
* **Accessibility**: Not sure

## Contents

I found a huge collection of succulents in one of the rooms of the greenhouse at South Garden in the China National Botanical Garden.

## About South Garden

The Beijing Botanical Garden of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, also known as South Garden, is a key base for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of germplasm resources in northern China.

The garden features nine specialized plant exhibition areas, including a perennial flower garden, a rare and endangered plant area, and a greenhouse displaying tropical and subtropical plants. It collects and preserves over 7,000 species of plants.

The seed bank, built from some of the introduced seeds, now houses more than 83,000 seeds from over 20,000 species, making it the second-largest in the world by quantity.

## About the Exhibition Greenhouse

The greenhouse comprises nine exhibition rooms: the Four Seasons Flower Hall, Palm House, Shade-loving Plants Room, Gymnosperm Room, Carnivorous Plants Room, Fruit Trees Room, Succulent Plants Room, Aquatic Plants Room, and the Bodhi Room. It exhibits more than 2,000 species of tropical and subtropical plants, including cultivated varieties.

The greenhouse displays not only national gift plants related to China's diplomacy, such as the Bodhi tree, but also rare plants collected by researchers from abroad, like the red-skinned baobab and the beautiful deer antler fern. The Aquatic Plants Room offers year-round viewing of water lilies and the giant leaves of Victoria water lilies.

## History 

I grew up in Beijing but only learned about the China National Botanical Garden in 2022.

As a child, this garden was known as Xiang Shan Botanical Garden or Beijing Botanical Garden, a favorite destination for school field trips, including mine.

The name China National Botanical Garden emerged in 2022 when both South Garden (Chinese Academy of Sciences) and North Garden (Beijing Botanical Garden) united to form the China National Botanical Garden.

## Visiting China National Botanical Garden in 2024

In July 2024, I visited South Garden for the first time with my aunt. I was amazed by the variety and quality of succulents in the succulent rooms within the greenhouse. For instance, I had never seen a greenhouse with large clusters of lithops before. This greenhouse presented massive clusters of various lithops species, a sight that must have taken years to cultivate.

### Lithops

![Lithops](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/lithops-collection.jpg)

![Lithops](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/lithops-1.jpg)

![Lithops](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/lithops-2.jpg)

![Lithops](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/lithops-3.jpg)

![Lithops](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/lithops-4.jpg)

![Lithops](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/lithops-5.jpg)

![Lithops](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/lithops-6.jpg)

![Lithops](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/lithops-7.jpg)

![Lithops](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/lithops-8.jpg)

![Lithops](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/lithops-9.jpg)

### Conophytum 

![Conophytum](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/conophytum-1.jpg)


### Haworthia

![Haworthia](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/haworthia-1.jpg)

![Haworthia](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/haworthia-2.jpg)

![Haworthia](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/haworthia-3.jpg)
*[Haworthia Truncata](/posts/haworthia-truncata)*

### Cacti

![Cactus](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/cactus-1.jpg)

![Cactus](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/cactus-2.jpg)

### Others

![Echeveria 'Rain Drops'](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/other-1.jpg)
[Echeveria](/posts/echeveria) 'Rain Drops'

![Other](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/other-2.jpg)
*Lophophora williamsii*

![Aloe Vera](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/other-3.jpg)
Aloe Vera

![Other](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/other-4.jpg)

![Aloinopsis Schooneesii](/assets/blog/china-national-botanical-garden/other-5.jpg)
*[Aloinopsis Schooneesii](/posts/aloinopsis-schooneesii)*

## Conclusion
Besides succulents, there are many impressive plants in the greenhouse as well as in both the South and North Parks. If you are ever in Beijing, China, make sure to visit this garden!


## Special Note

Please note that all the photos are copyrighted. If you wish to use any of them, please contact me.

Affiliate Disclosure

Grace

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